今天的考研英语外刊精读生词较少,但是所出现的生词都是一些非常重要的词汇,如cohesion、sentiment、assimilation等。文中的几个句子如第五句和第六句,虽然比较长,但都是简单句,可以重点分析一下句子的结构。
①Such strictures might seem to serve national cohesion. ②In fact, the wrong policies and tone do the reverse, as Vicky Fouka of Stanford University found in a study of German-Americans living a century ago. ③With its large German-immigrant population, Ohio was the first of several states to permit teaching in German alongside English. ④By 1900 some 4% of elementary-school pupils in America were taught at least partly in German. ⑤After the first world war anti-German sentiment LED to the end of those programmes and, in Ohio and Indiana, even to a ban on teaching German as a foreign language to young children.
注释(上下滑动查看)
1、stricture是名词,意为“,约束”。
2、serve是动词,意为“为…服务”,在前几期的外刊阅读中多次出现。
3、cohesion是名词,意为“团结,凝聚力”。
4、tone是名词,意为(人群、地方或事件的)“总体特性,风格,气氛”。
5、reverse这里作名词,意为“相反情况,正相反”。
6、第二句话的的主干是the wrong policies and tone do the reverse,主语只用了一个the,这是将wrong policies and tone视为一个整体。as引导一个非性定语从句,常译为“正如”,很常见。
7、Ohio指美国的俄亥俄州。
8、permit是动词,译为“允许”。
9、alongside是介词,译为“与…一起,与…同时”。
10、some用在数字前面,通常表示“大约,大概”。
10、elementary-school意为“小学”。
11、pupil意为“小学生”,它还可指“瞳孔”。
12、sentiment是名词,意为“观点,看法,情绪”。
13、lead to意为“导致”,这里用了过去式led。本句中接了两个并列的to。
14、ban在这里作名词,意为“禁止,禁令”。
参考译文:①这种制约或许看似服务于国家的团结。②实际上,错误的政策和氛围却使情况恰恰相反,就像斯坦福大学
⑥Ms Fouka compared German-American populations in border counties of Ohio and Indiana with their neighbours in adjacent states (who experienced no language ban). ⑦She found that those affected by the ban were more likely to marry another German and give their children German names, and less likely to enlist during the second world war. ⑧Forced assimilation backfired at every level, from the personal to the political.
注释(上下滑动查看)
1、compare是动词,意为“将…与…作比较“,常用compare…with…结构。本句中with与compare相隔比较远,需要注意。
2、county是名词,意为”县“。注意与country区分。
3、adjacent是形容词,意为”邻近的,毗连的“。
4、experience这里是作动词,意为”经历,体验“。
5、enlist是动词,意为”参军,入伍“。
6、第七句话的主干是she found。that引导宾语从句,从句的主语是those,affected by the ban是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰those,谓语是were,表语是两个并列的likely成分。
7、forced是形容词,意为”被迫的“。
8、assimilation是名词,意为”吸收,同化“。
9、backfire在这里作动词,意为”事与愿违,适得其反“。
参考译文:Fouka女士将俄亥俄州和印第安纳州边界各县的德裔美国人和相邻州(未经受语言禁令)的德裔美国人作了比较。⑦她发现,受禁令影响的德裔美国人更可能与另外一位德裔结婚并给孩子取德国名字,且在二战期间不太可能参军。⑧在各个层面,从个人上到政治上,强制同化都事与愿违。
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