众所周知,托福听力部分都是选择题,许多考生在做题时,经常会被干扰选项迷惑而举棋不定,每一个选项看起来似乎都在原文中出现过,“熟悉的陌生人”啊。那么,了解错误选项的设计特点就尤为关键,它能帮助考生在考场上快速排除干扰选项,锁定正确答案。今天,小编就为大家解析三类错误选项:无中生有、结构错位、明显驳斥
无中生有
此类选项中叙述的内容与信息在原文中没有被提及或只有部分被提及了。选项在文章真实内容基础上,扩大了原文覆盖的范围。举个栗子,原文讲“小明喜欢吃白菜”,选项中变成“小明喜欢吃一切蔬菜”。这种干扰看似简单滑稽,可是出在题目里同学们大概就笑不出来了。
结构错位
托福听力是一个极其结构的考试,听力的考题也是按照原文顺序来出的,所以,如果一篇听力分了五个层次,而第五层的关键词出现在了第二题或第三题,那么一定是干扰选项。结构错位类型的选项出现的频率很高,能够理清层次、抓住每一层的内容中心的同学可以轻易将这类选项排除掉。这就要求同学们在日常训练中,不仅要把句子听懂,还要练习听结构,边听边给文章划分层次。
偷梁换柱
这类选项经常大眼一看很正确,因为选项中要么出现了对应段落的原词,要么选项的一部分是对应段落中原文内容的同义替换,但要注意选项中的一个小细节、小改动往往能够导致整个语义错误,比如加了一个否定词,或者前半句完全正确,后半句纯属瞎编。学生往往会被选项惊人的熟悉度所欺骗,怀疑自己漏听了信息,而上了当。
因此,这就要求考生们不仅要把内容听准确了,选项也要看准确了,不能养成看选项只看大概或只看一半的坏习惯。小心驶得万年船。理论说了这么多,很多同学还是懵懵懂懂,下面就让我们一起来实战一下吧!
例题1:
TPO31 Lecture4 第13题
13. Whydoesthe professor mention milking a wild horse?
A. To point out that the Botai people sometimes did not have enough food
B. To compare the physical features of domesticated and wild horse
C. To prove that the horses of the Botai people were domesticated
D. To emphasize that horse milk was popular in some ancient societies
对应原文:
Student:
But what exactly tells us that these Botai people, that the horses in their area were really domesticated?
Professor:
As with most ancient history, there is not much that we can be certain about. But we know there was a significant population of wild horses in that area. So there were plenty of opportunities for the Botai people to find horses to domesticate. We also know that horse milk was an important source of food for the Botai people. What? Milking a wild horse? Well, now, that would be impossible…to milk a wild horse.
本段原文的中心是:
有一些证据可以证明Botai族养马:1. 附近有大量野马;2. 马奶是Botai人的主食,而给野马挤奶是不可能的。根据中心可以推出教授之所以提到milking a wildhorse,是为了反向证明Botai族养马,因此选C。下面重点来看看错误选项。A选项中提到的Botai people did nothaveenoughfood在原文中找不到对应内容,原文只提及了食物来源,并未提及食物是否充足,因此,该选项为无中生有。B选项中的提到的physical feature是原文下一个段落中的关键信息,因此,该选项为结构错位。D选项中的popularinsomeancient societies也是原文中未提及,因此,D选项也是无中生有。
例题2:
TPO31 Lecture4 第14题
14. What point does the professor make from the horse bones found in the Botai settlements?
A. They do not reveal information about horse domestication
B. They are very different from the bones of modern horses
C. They date to the period when the Botai people had become nomads
D. They suggested that horses were first domesticated by another ancient people
对应原文:
Student:
So you said last week that for some animals, like for dogs, there were physical changes taking place over the course of generations of dogs because of domestication. So can we tell from those horse bones if it was sort of the same for horses?
Professor:
Actually, it wasn’t. We know that horses have not changed a lot physically as a result of domestication. So those ancient horse bones don’t tell us much about domestication.
本段原文的中心是:马骨头不能告诉我们有用的信息,因为马在被驯养的过程中身体特征并没有发生明显改变。根据中心可以清楚推出此题选A。下面来看看错误选项。B选项中将发掘出的horsebone和modern horse进行了对比,乍一看感觉挺对挺深刻,但B选项得出结论说两者very different,这与原文中的horses have not changed a lot physically 是明显驳斥的,因此,该选项为偷梁换柱。C选项中的nomads是原文后一段的关键信息,被提前放在这里成为干扰选项,所以它是结构错位,D选项中的first domesticated是前文某段的中心内容,因此,它也是结构错位。