从小语文写作，老师就教导我们要“凤头猪肚豹尾”，说的是文章的开头要像凤头一样华美、精彩；文章的中间要像猪肚一样丰富、充实；而文章的结尾要像豹尾一样有力。其实英语写作亦然。
　　以雅思小作文为例，看到题目的时候，我们先理清题目的要求。一般小作文的题目要求考生：1、summarize main features；2、make comparison. 在保证紧扣要求的前提下，写出“凤头、豹尾”，是智取高分的关键。
　　以静态图为例，文章的头尾可以这样写：
　　开头：比较大小；阐述组成部分
　　结尾：总结值（大和小）；阐述主要差别（main difference）；总体区间（range from...to...）
　　“The charts below show the percentage of three nutrients in three types of diets.Summarize the informationby selecting and reporting the main features, andmake comparisonswhere relevant.”
　　那么，在组织措辞的时候，我们就可以在开头先比较三张饼状图组成部分，如在三种不同的diets中，都包含碳水化合物carbohydrates、蛋白质protein和脂肪fat三部分，carbohydrates所占比例总是比protein和fat所占部分大，然后我们就可以得出：
　　It is clear that there are carbohydrates, protein and fat involved in each diet. Moreover, the percentage of carbohydrates is always higher than that of protein and the figure for fat among three kinds of diets.
　　至于结尾呢，我们就可以用到比较值的方法：
　　Overall, it can be seen that the proportion of carbohydrates is the highest in three different categories of diets, while the proportion of fat is the lowest.
　　再说动态图。动态图在描述的时候就不能只做简单的比较了：
　　开头：总结趋势（上升/下降）；大变化量（dramatic change）；比较大小；总量等
　　结尾：比较终点数据大小（become/still）等
　　“The chart below shows how frequently people in the USA ate in fast food restaurants between 2003 and 2013.Summarize the informationby selecting and reporting the main features, andmake comparisonswhere relevant.”
　　换汤不换药，不一样的题型，一样的写作要求。我们在写作时，可以通过比较总量来引出话题：
　　The total percentage of people who eat at fast food restaurants once a week in three different years was the highest among all the frequency.
　　小作文中还有一种题型——流程图，它的写法就不能再用上述套路了。
　　开头：改写标题
　　结尾：概述总体特征（有几个步骤，可以详写首尾两步from...to...）
　　“The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stage in the production of silk cloth.Summarize the informationby selecting and reporting the main features, andmake comparisonswhere relevant.”
　　看到这个流程图，我们要明确内容是蚕的一生经历的主要阶段以及丝绸加工流程的主要步骤，那么我么在开头的时候就可以通过改写图表标题来对图表内容进行概括：
　　The flow charts illustrate the main stages in the life of the silkworm and the process of producing silk cloth.
　　而在结尾的时候，再对图表内容进行简短的概述：
　　Overall, it is clear that there are five stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, from eggs to the moth, and there are six steps in the production of silk cloth, from selecting cocoons to dyeing cloth.
　　后的后，是难下笔的地图题了。
　　开头：总结大变化
　　结尾：发生巨大变化后产生了什么新功能
　　“The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.Summarize the informationby selecting and reporting the main features, andmake comparisonswhere relevant.”
　　It is clear that not only are lots of facilities built on the island, but the sea is used for activities.Overall, dramatic changes have occurred after this development. The new island has become a wonderful place for tourism.
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