考研英语的句子翻译大部分都是长难句，因此每个句子我会先把结构梳理清楚，然后把翻译中的难点给大家列出来。 大家仔细思考这些难点要怎么处理，然后试着先把句子翻译出来，再看后面的解析和译文。
　　No boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.句子结构：
　　翻译要点：
　　1 .No boy could be ignorant 双重否定的译法
　　2. grammar school
　　3.两个定语从句的翻译
　　4. gave glory 过去时的翻译
　　5. might yet do
　　要点解析：
　　1. No boy could be ignorant 是一个双重否定，字面意思并不难理解“没有男孩会不知道”，但如果这样翻译读起来非常拗口。双重否定的句子我们一般可以处理成肯定句，没有人不知道其实也就是“所有男孩都知道”
　　2. grammar school 。这个词组的理解需要有背景知识，如果平时没有接触过的话，考场上翻译成“语法学校”也是可以的。中文媒体中大部分情况把这个词翻译成“文法学校”。虽然叫做 grammar school ，但并不是专门学习语法的学校，而是英国中学教育体制中的一种学校类型。 在16世纪， grammar school 是只教拉丁语的学校，现在是指学生学术成绩出色的英国公立中学，有点类似我们所说的“重点中学”。
　　3.两个定语从句的翻译。 定语从句是英译汉中的一个重点： 首先，英语中的定语从句很多； 其次，英语的定语从句都是后置，但汉语的定语只能前置。 定语从句的翻译要视情况而定，如果从句比较短则可以译成前置定语，但当定语从句比较长的时候就不能翻译成定语了，需要处理成单独的一个句子跟在所修饰名词前面。
　　本句话中**定语从句 who went to a grammar schoo l 比较短，直接放在 boy 前面 即可，“上过文法学校的男孩”。本句话的第二个定语从句很长， which gave glory to Greece and Rome and mightyet bring honor to England .如果翻译成前置定语的话是这样的“一种曾经给希腊和罗 马带来了荣耀， 也迟早会给英国带来荣耀的文学形式”，明显不符合汉语的表达习 惯。 在这里处理成单独的句子跟在文学形式后面。 “戏剧是一种文学形式，曾经给 希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也迟早会给英国带来荣耀。 ”
　　4. gave glory 。英文的动词有16种时态，完全靠动词的变化体现，但中文的动词没有任何形式上的变化，因此在时态的翻译中经常要依靠添词来表示时间。在这里，gave是过去时，可以加上“曾经”来表示过去的时态。
　　5. might yet do 要注意中间有个 yet ，字典上的解释是：
　　参考译文： 上过文法学校的男孩都知道，戏剧是一种文学形式，曾经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也迟早会给英国带来荣耀。一、段（点击进入段落详细解析)
　　全文阅读
　　Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs，but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old，classical or medieval，literary or farcical. Court， school organizations of amateurs，and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment；and no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
　　When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel，who，however， gave plays in public as well as at court. But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five，Lyly，Peele，and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary；Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
　　The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history，for in this brief period we may trace the beginning，growth，blossoming，and decay of many kinds of plays，and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced，as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost，and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.